Biochemical analysis of blood helps to diagnose, determine the stage of disease and prescribe treatment. Blood samples taken from a vein.
This procedure should come in the morning on an empty stomach. If you do not comply with this condition, the physician-biochemist simply can not correctly identify the necessary indicators.
What did they say the mysterious figures and clever names for your analysis?
n Glucose
This is the main indicator of carbohydrate metabolism. Normally, its content in the blood ranges from 3,3 to 5,5 mg / dL.
Lowering blood glucose is most often in diabetic patients with an overdose of insulin. In healthy people, it is sometimes reduced if people have not eaten, and after taking large doses of alcohol. Glucose levels can be lowered and in some endocrine disorders, impaired liver function.
Sometimes the blood sugar level falls below normal when taking some medicines, such as brand name viagra aspirin, sulfonamides. Increasing the level of glucose occurs in diabetes. Sometimes a leap of this indicator can be in the first hours of stroke, heart attack, trauma, infection, pancreatitis. Physical exercise may also help to increase blood sugar levels. Therefore, before taking the analysis is better to give up morning exercises. Raise the level of glucose and some medications, especially hormones for the treatment of bronchial asthma and rheumatoid arthritis.
If glucose is slightly elevated, in order to figure out sick people with diabetes or not, the doctor may recommend additional research.
n Total protein
The norm of the total protein - 65-85 g / l for people over 60 years - from 60 to 80 grams per liter. Protein level decreases with inhibition of the liver, kidneys, malnutrition, prolonged inflammatory diseases. Increased levels of total protein can be observed in some diseases of the blood in conditions and diseases, accompanied by dehydration.
For a more accurate diagnosis of disease determine the protein fraction, which includes albumin and globulin.
n Albumins
Are among the most important proteins of blood plasma. Normally, they contain not less than 54%. Fall in the level of albumin may indicate severe liver disease, kidney disease. Typically, this index decreased in diabetes, severe allergies, starvation, burns, suppurative processes.
n gamma globulin
In the norm of 12 to 22%. Increased gamma globulin indicates the presence in the body of infection and inflammation, the reduction may indicate an immune deficiency.
n Alpha-globulins
These proteins must be contained in blood from 2 to 5%. Increase their level observed at all acute inflammatory processes.
n Alpha-2-globulins
In healthy people, contains from 7 to 13% alpha-2-globulins. Their level may increase during inflammation, as well as in some tumors and kidney disease. Indicator of alpha-2-globulins may decrease with pancreatitis and diabetes.
n Beta-globulins
Beta-globulin in the blood from 8 to 15%. Change in their number is usually observed in disorders of fat metabolism.
n C-reactive protein
In a normal C-reactive protein is almost not detectable. However, the inflammation of various nature and localization, infections, tumors, its content increases. The greatest value of this indicator has rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis. It can help you determine the severity of the illness and treatment efficacy.
n Alpha-fetoprotein
This protein is also normally absent. Its presence may indicate liver disease, tumors. However, pregnant women do not worry: the presence of alpha-fetoprotein is perfectly normal for their condition. For each gestational age has its own rate of this indicator. The level of alpha-fetoprotein can indirectly judge the presence of fetal Biochemical hooliganism congenital malformations, therefore it must define a new moms.
n Bilirubin
Bilirubin shows how the liver. Increased total bilirubin - a symptom of jaundice, hepatitis, and complications of cholelithiasis, excessive destruction of red blood cells. High numbers of bilirubin may occur after 24-48 hours of fasting, as well as long-term low-calorie diet. Total bilirubin level should not exceed 20.5 mg / dL. If, however, increases the content of bound bilirubin, the most likely diseased liver.
n blood enzymes
Blood enzymes are involved in all biochemical reactions. Almost all of them are inside the cell and occur only when the damage and destruction of cells. Change their activity occurs much earlier than many other signs of illness. And it makes such analysis is very delicate and accurate diagnostic tool.
The content of the enzymes ALAT and ASAT increased when there is destruction, the collapse of cells.
It can increase in the use of certain drugs: tetracyclines, paracetamol. Norms ALAT and ASAT in different laboratories differ. Therefore it is usually normal values in brackets affix to the right of the result analysis.
Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) - an enzyme involved in the reactions of energy. In the highest number he found in cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle. Determination of maize - a very sensitive method of early diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Increased CPK can also be an indicator of muscle damage in trauma and diseases of the muscle tissue.
On diseases of the pancreas usually indicates improved amylase. In a normal amount of amylase in blood is very slightly - from 0.8 to 3.2 IU / liter. This figure usually rises in acute pancreatitis, and obstruction of pancreatic duct tumor, stones, spikes. Sometimes the level of amylase jumps in renal failure. A reduction of amylase in the blood may be indicative of hepatitis, increased levels of thyroid hormones or the late toxicosis of pregnancy.
n Uric acid
In a normal amount of uric acid in women ranges from 0,15 to 0,45 mg / dL. In healthy people, its level in blood and urine can be increased with a high content of purines in foods and the decline in the diet rich in carbohydrates and fats. Elevated levels of uric acid occurs in gout, leukemia, acute infections, liver disease, severe diabetes, chronic eczema, psoriasis, and kidney diseases.
n Cholesterol
Normally, cholesterol must be free from 3,6 to 6,7 mg / dL. Without it the formation of sexual and other hormones, vitamin D, bile acids. The main source of cholesterol is the food. But it can be synthesized in the body - the liver and intestine. High blood cholesterol leads to atherosclerosis, which are the unfortunate consequences of heart attacks and strokes.
Cholesterol levels also increased in diabetes, chronic kidney disease, with alcoholism, decreasing thyroid function, meningitis, and hereditary diseases. And with an increase in thyroid function, exhaustion, congestive heart failure, acute infectious diseases, tuberculosis, acute pancreatitis, severe liver disease, certain types of anemia, cholesterol is less than the norm.
n Beta-lipoproteins
Normally the blood contains from 1,3 to 5,4 mmol / l beta-lipoprotein. If the index is less than it says on the hepatic dysfunction may occur in alcoholism, pregnancy. Elevated levels indicate atherosclerosis and metabolic fat. The content of beta-lipoprotein and increases in diabetes.
n Triglycerides
Triglyceride level reflects a predisposition to atherosclerosis. In women, this figure is usually lower than men's. For women aged 30 to 40 years, it is normally from 0.43 to 1.81 mg / dL. The level of triglycerides can be judged on the peculiarities of nutrition. He could be increased by consumption of large amounts of animal fats and decreases with a vegetarian diet. The high figures are typical for some of renal disease, reduced thyroid function and alcoholism.
Food
Meningitis
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